Adrenal cortex medulla4/7/2023 The resulting high intramedullary cortisol levels are thought to be important in inducing the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine in the chromaffin cells. ![]() ![]() 23 The medullary blood supply is derived mainly from the capillary plexus draining the cortex. When specific immunostains are used, chromaffin cells have been found in the human adrenal cortex and cortical cells have been found in the adrenal medulla, which provides a cellular basis for potential intraadrenal interactions. They are surrounded and directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers and hence are analogous to norepinephrine-secreting postganglionic fibers in the remainder of the sympathetic nervous system. These hormones, including cortisol, affect the body's ability to turn food into energy. Corticosteroids include: Glucocorticoids. The outer layer, called the cortex, makes a group of hormones called corticosteroids. The interior, called the medulla, makes adrenaline-like hormones. The cells are arranged in nests or cords. The adrenal glands are made up of two sections. Chromaffin cells are rounded or polygonal, with a finely granular cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus with prominent nucleoli. ![]() The chromaffin cell is the major cell type, named for the yellow-brown color imparted to its epinephrine-containing granules by chromatic salts. The medulla is located primarily in the head of the adrenal glands and accounts for ˜10% of their normal adult weight.
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